Deism-Religion of Reason January 14, 2023 by William Walker Deism-Religion of Reason Deism is defined as belief in the existence of God based solely on rational thought without any reliance on organized religions or religious authority. Christ even finds power in Scripture to rebuke the devil and overcome temptation (Matthew 4:1-11). The broad spectrum of thought available within the idea of a Christian deism encompasses models of classical deism and pandeism with simple reverence for the message of tolerance claimed as espoused by the human Jesus, to belief in Jesus as a sort of naturally occurring divine figure, a mystical product of the rational processes of a rational universe. Rather, more subtly, Christianity is either degenerating into a pathetic version of itself or, more significantly, Christianity. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [18] Lord Herbert, like his contemporary Descartes, searched for the foundations of knowledge. Jesus called for people to follow God's laws, or commandments, so the "kingdom of God" could come "on earth as it is in heaven." Omissions? These are not laws or "truths" that Jesus received through some supernatural "revelation" according to Christian deism. On the contrary, we hold that reason is the only foundation of all certitude .. Wherefore, we likewise maintain, according to the title of this discourse, that, It can't be imputed to any defect in the light of nature that the pagan world ran into idolatry, but to their being entirely governed by priests, who pretended communication with their gods, and to have thence their revelations, which they imposed on the credulous as divine oracles. Anthony Collins,[32] Bolingbroke, Thomas Chubb, and Peter Annet were materialists and either denied or doubted the immortality of the soul. Whereas the business of the Christian dispensation was to destroy all those traditional revelations, and restore, free from all idolatry, the true primitive and natural religion implanted in mankind from the creation.. Main Difference - Deism vs Theism Deism and theism are two religious beliefs about the existence of god and his intervention in the universe. Characteristics of deism include belief that religious knowledge is acquired through the use of reason and all laws of the universe are discoverable, according to Britannica. This interaction could be to any variation of a degree. [20], Peter Gay identifies John Toland's Christianity Not Mysterious (1696), and the "vehement response" it provoked, as the beginning of post-Lockian Deism. Especially noteworthy is Matthew Tindal's Christianity as Old as the Creation (1730), which became, very soon after its publication, the focal center of the Deist controversy. Spiritual Deists, Deists who consider themselves spiritual but not religious, have not as yet formally established a separate branch of Deism. [44][45] Particularly heated is the debate over the beliefs of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington. What greatly differed these two religions was that Christianity's doctrine stated that God created the universe and actively is in . (See, for example, La Mettrie's L'Homme machine.) They do not serve Him but vice versa: He serves them. Michael Corbett and Julia Mitchell Corbett, The faiths of the founding fathers, by David Lynn Holmes, p. 163 (2006), A history of the Christian church, by Williston Walker, 579 (1985), A history of the Christian church, by Williston Walker, 584 (1985). [88] The 2008 ARIS survey found, based on their stated beliefs rather than their religious identification, that 70% of Americans believe in a personal God:[i] roughly 12% are atheists or agnostics, and 12% believe in "a deist or paganistic concept of the Divine as a higher power" rather than a personal God. Thomas Paine's Attitudes Toward Religion Impacted His Legacy, Author Says By Jonathan Marker | National Archives News WASHINGTON, October 18, 2019 Thomas Paine's open call for American independence from Great Britain in Common Sense inspired revolutionaries across the 13 colonies to revolt against the crown. Corbett and Corbett (1999) cite John Adams and Thomas Jefferson as exemplars. Thus, differences among sects and cults all over the world were usually benign, mere modifications of universally accepted truths; they were corruptions only when they led to barbarous practices such as the immolation of human victims and the slaughter of religious rivals. Deists postulate that God doesn't answer prayers and takes no interest in his creation. After Locke, deists could no longer appeal to innate ideas as Herbert had done. Each deist, to be sure, had his special competence. Prayer is worship, even in difficult times; a sign that we trust our Lord. During the 18th Century the United States Constitution was written and the majority of the Founding Fathers were religiously associated with either Christianity or Deism. In that bad things occur as a result of prior interactions that resulted in a specified outcome. 1. There are two main theological positions. Here, she enjoys digging into Gods word when not working or taking part in ministry activities. [5][6][7][8][11] Such philosophers and theologians were called "Deists", and the philosophical/theological position they advocated is called "Deism". Christian deists do not worship Jesus as God. [80][81][82][83][84][85][86] The report's publication generated large-scale controversy in the Turkish press and society at large, as well as amongst conservative Islamic sects, Muslim clerics, and Islamist parties in Turkey. They show that what the law requires is written on their hearts" (Romans 2:14-15). 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However Deism does not believe in a personal God nor 'revealed' religions. Deism teaches that there is a God, and that He created the world, but created things do not need His presence and the exercise of His power in order to continue in existence and fulfill their functions. You may have encountered the deism worldview whether you realized it or not. The divines gravely tell us "we must adore what we cannot comprehend" .. [Some] contend [that] some mysteries may be, or at least seem to be, contrary to reason, and yet received by faith. Belief in God: Christianity = Yes Deism = Yes Nature of God: Christianity = Transcendent/Non-Evolving Deism = Transcendent/Evolving Some argue that he appears to have followed Deism, an 18th-century movement that placed human experience. Christians deists believe God gifted the human intellect to heal many illnesses, but God does not directly intervene to heal people on demand by some supernatural occurrence. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the word Deism was used by some theologians in contradistinction to theism, the belief in an immanent God who actively intervenes in the affairs of men. Note that Locke himself was not a deist. The first major statement of Deism in English is Lord Herbert of Cherbury's book De Veritate (1624). Miller agrees with the MTDs that God serves us: God gives to us; we dont give to God. While deists agree that the Bible is not the inspired Word of God, opinions about Jesus differ. Toland was violent; his denial of all mystery in religion was supported by analogies among Christian, Judaic, and pagan esoteric religious practices, equally condemned as the machinations of priests. [23] Following Locke's successful attack on innate ideas, Tindal's "Bible" redefined the foundation of Deist epistemology as knowledge based on experience or human reason. Prayer is a response to Gods invitation that we have a relationship with Him, not a list of demands. Essien, Anthonia M. "The sociological implications of the worldview of the Annang people: an advocacy for paradigm shift." [8] Possibly the most famed person to hold this position was Thomas Jefferson, who praised "nature's God" in the "Declaration of Independence" (1776) and edited the "Jefferson Bible"a Bible with all reference to revelations and other miraculous interventions from a deity cut out. Deism is the idea that God created the world but has no direct involvement in it. It was this god who created a "mechanical" universe which would function without any supernatural intervention. The philosophy adopts the ethics and non-mystical teachings of Jesus while denying that Jesus was a deity. Here are some of our most popular articles covering Christian terms to help your journey of knowledge and faith: The Full Armor of GodThe Meaning of "Selah"What is a "Concubine"?Christian Meaning of HumilityWhat Is Grace? It is not so much that U.S. Christianity is being secularized. Yet this is the philosophical Scheme of Atheism, which its Patrons would fain call Deism, and in which the Christian Jews or Jewish Christians assist them, by joining inadvertently in the fame Cry. Like Franklin, Jefferson believed in God's continuing activity in human affairs. [70] Such people were called Gottglubige ("believers in God"), and the term for the overall movement was Gottglubigkeit ("belief in God"); the term denotes someone who still believes in a God, although without having any institutional religious affiliation. For instance, the apostle Paul, who was a Jew, recognized that God's laws are known naturally by everyone. Several famous figures have been classified as deists including Mozart, Thomas Jefferson, and William Hogarth. Theism is the core of most religions; the beliefs of Christianity, Judaism, and hundreds more are theistic. Christianity says you have free will then instantly says you have rules to follow. A substantial portion of Deist literature was devoted to the description of the noxious practices of all religions in all times, and the similarities of pagan and Roman Catholic rites were emphasized. We ought to be remorseful for our sins and repent. And yet this which is really no Government at all, is all the general Providence which some seem willing to allow. Deists do not accept this. Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, Edward Stillingfleet Philosophical controversy, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Googlebooks.com search for "Christian Deism" before 1800", Excerpts from the Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_deism&oldid=1130315083, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011, Articles with disputed statements from July 2011, All articles that may have off-topic sections, Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from October 2012, Wikipedia articles with inappropriate overview sections from December 2022, Wikipedia articles with style issues from December 2022, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 December 2022, at 15:50. Basically, according to MTD, there is a distant God who just wants everyone to be nice, and the purpose of life. 1. This effectively widened the gap between traditional Christians and what he called "Christian Deists", since this new foundation required that "revealed" truth be validated through human reason. [40] Like the Deists, Hume rejected revelation, and his famous essay On Miracles provided a powerful argument against belief in miracles. This can occasionally be on the same subject but most often, Christian deism finds itself in agreement with one on a given theological topic, only to disagree on the next theological topic. Bible Meaning and ImportanceWhat Is Prophecy? Deism and Christianity agree God is the Creator, but the two hold vastly different beliefs on key issues. It will not therefore be a matter of surprise, that a division of his book treats of the public forms of divine worship, and especially upon prayer. Because God does not control or interfere with his self-sustaining Creation, its component systems work in concert to achieve the balanced natural processes that make up the physical world. Revolted by the Puritan fanatics of the previous century and by the wild hysteria of a group of French exiles prophesying in London in 1707, Shaftesbury denounced all forms of religious extravagance as perversions of true religion. [19], The appearance of John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) marks an important turning-point and new phase in the history of English Deism. In addition to adopting the beliefs of general monotheism, deists also adopt the belief that the single existing god is personal in nature and transcendent from the created universe. [70] In late 1936, especially Roman Catholic party members left the church, followed in 1937 by a flood of primarily Protestant party members. Christian deism is opposed to the doctrine of predestination in which everything that happens is thought to be the will of God, and instead tend to believe in the concept of free will. How Should 'Jihad' (Muslim Holy War) Be Understood Properly? Many deists believe that the Big Bang was initiated by a god (of their choice) and that everything that happened since is the consequence of scientific laws "created" at the same time. Answer In the most general sense, a theist is a person who believes in at least one god or deity. Without providing examples or citations, one author maintains, "A number of influential 17th- and 18th-century thinkers claimed for themselves the title of 'Christian deist' because they accepted both the Christian religion based on revelation and a deistic religion based on natural reason. We ask; he gives. Finally, one should consider what friends, family, and, above all, clergy said about a Founder's religious faith. Rejection of all books (including the Bible) that claimed to contain divine revelation. Rather, it says that nothing beyond nature could have any conceivable relevance to what happens in nature. In other words, how man faces human rebellion or corruption. Viret described deism as a heretical development of Italian Renaissance naturalism, resulting from misuse of the liberty conferred by the Reformation to criticise idolatry and superstition. [Others contend] that no mystery is contrary to reason, but that all are "above" it. Christian deists who do not believe in Jesus as the son of God strongly reject any theories of atonement. (point 24). Palmer is noteworthy for attempting to bring some organization to Deism by founding the "Deistical Society of New York" and other Deistic societies from Maine to Georgia.[57]. In his teachings, Jesus used examples from the natural world and from human nature to explain basic truths about life. Please note that this is not a faith vs faith comparison but a way of showing similarities and differences. In general, Deism refers to what can be called natural religion, the acceptance of a certain body of religious knowledge that is inborn in every person or that can be acquired by the use of reason and the rejection of religious knowledge when it is acquired through either revelation or the teaching of any church. A: Deism is a system of beliefs about God that includes everything we can know by the use of unaided human reason and rejects any theological beliefs that can't be proven by reason and can only be known by God's revelations to us through sacred scriptures.2015-06-04 The entire Bible is testimony to this fact. This belief does not involve a virgin birth, a sacrifice, resurrection, sin, or grace. Deists accepted the moral teachings of the Bible without any commitment to the historical reality of the reports of miracles. (p.13), This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 08:01. Christian deists believe that Jesus Christ was a deist. Historically, a distinction between theism and Deism has never had wide currency in European thought. But if this be not a fine Scheme of Philosophy, let Christian Deism stand for an odd Sort of Religion, and let the Christian Jews be for ever orthodox, and be allow'd as the only religious Men in the World. However, there are differing views concerning the exact nature of Jesus, as well as differing levels of hewing to traditional, orthodox deistic belief on this issue. There are a number of subcategories of modern Deism, including monodeism (the default, standard concept of deism), pandeism, panendeism, spiritual deism, process deism, Christian deism, polydeism, scientific deism, and humanistic deism. But acknowledgement of Christ as their personal Savior and acceptance of the other commonly held Christian beliefs is less manifest. Bishop Edward Stillingfleets Letter to a Deist (1677) is an early example of the orthodox use of the epithet. The high point of Deist thought occurred in England from about 1689 through 1742, during a period when, despite widespread counterattacks from the established Church of England, there was relative freedom of religious expression following upon the Glorious Revolution that ended the rule of James II and brought William III and Mary II to the throne. Jesus refused to stop preaching his "gospel" even though he knew that he was risking crucifixion, the usual Roman penalty for revolutionaries. How is deism different from Christianity? Though an initial use of the term occurred in 16th-century France, the later appearance of the doctrine on the Continent was stimulated by the translation and adaptation of the English models. However, in the view of Christians, God is not remote but very, very close. Deists believe that a single creator god does exist, but they take their evidence from reason and logic, not the revelatory acts and miracles that form the basis of faith in many organized religions. God answers prayer according to his will. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Different theories receive different levels of rejection, the strongest rejection being reserved for the theory of penal substitution, that claims that Jesus had to die as a sacrifice to pay the "death penalty" for humankind and save them from the "wrath" of God. So what is Deism? John Adams was a Unitarian and Jefferson identified himself as Unitarian as well. Going from religious intolerance, it has been secularized into a form of racism. During the French Revolution (1789 1799), the Deistic Cult of the Supreme Beinga direct expression of Robespierre's theological viewswas established briefly (just under three months) as the new state religion of France, replacing the deposed Catholic Church and the rival atheistic Cult of Reason. Though the Deists differed among themselves and there is no single work that can be designated as the quintessential expression of Deism, they joined in attacking both the existing orthodox church establishment and the wild manifestations of the dissenters. Nature and scope "[9], Christian deists see no paradox in adopting the values and ideals espoused by Jesus without believing he was God. [53], Thomas Paine is especially noteworthy both for his contributions to the cause of the American Revolution and for his writings in defense of Deism alongside the criticism of Abrahamic religions. In order to dig deeper on this topic, facts were gathered from authors of different books and other materials. Deism is a doctrine or belief about the creator and the world. Theism is the belief that there are gods or a god who created the world and have had some interaction with it. Christian deism is therefore based on appreciation for all creation and on appreciation for every human life. That's all it is. What is Deism and how is it different than Christianity? This view naturally led to what was then called "necessitarianism"[38] (the modern term is "determinism"): the view that everything in the universeincluding human behavioris completely, causally determined by antecedent circumstances and natural law. Among the notable figures, Gay describes Toland and Matthew Tindal as the best known; however, Gay considered them to be talented publicists rather than philosophers or scholars. Christian deism is one of several branches of deism to have come about over time: Over time there have been other schools of thought formed under the umbrella of deism including Christian deism, belief in deistic principles coupled with the moral teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, and Pandeism, a belief that God became the entire universe and no longer exists as a separate being. "Love for neighbor" means having an appreciation for the value of every human life. Do deists still exist? Influence of Deism since the early 20th century, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Deism, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd earl of Shaftesbury, argument from the design or order of the universe. An example of the broadness attributed to Christian deism is found in this criticism of the position: Christian Deist, i.e., a man who alleges that the Christian religion is nothing else than pure natural religion. In general, Deism refers to what can be called natural religion, the acceptance of a certain body of religious knowledge that is inborn in every person or that can be acquired by the use of reason and the rejection of religious knowledge when it is acquired through either revelation or the teaching of any church. 5 Things Christians Need to Know about the Lake of Fire. 1. One definition of Deism is that "There is no special providence; no miracles or other divine interventions intrude upon the lawful natural order." {6} Was George Washington a Deist? Christian deists believe that it is never God's will for anyone to be sick or injured. Polytheism is the belief that there are multiple gods existing. They also hold a mild version of the moral influence theory of atonement philosophy. Judaism is a set of informal beliefs about the world and how people should live their lives. For deists, human beings can only know God via reason and the observation of nature but not by revelation or supernatural manifestations (such as miracles)phenomena which deists regard with caution if not skepticism. Deism is primarily a theistic view minus supernatural intervention in the world (see MIRACLE . ago A: Deism is a system of beliefs about God that includes everything we can know by the use of unaided human reason and rejects any theological beliefs that can't be proven by reason and can only be known by God's revelations to us through sacred scriptures. As Matthew 4 shows, Satan and hell are real, not mere symbols as deists assert. Many people are deists but dont know it according to Tom White: I think that almost all ordinary English people and a good many others, too simply take a deist framework of thought for granted and when they hear the word god thats what they are thinking of. They fail to see a major difference between deism and the three Abrahamic religions.. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies 1.1 (2010): 29-35. Jesus never claimed to be perfect but he was committed to following God's natural laws of love. In England at the turn of the 17th century this general religious attitude assumed a more militant form, particularly in the works of Toland, Shaftesbury, Tindal, Woolston, and Collins. These are my personal top ten reasons I feel Deism offers me more then Christianity ever could, if you don't agree that is your choice and I honor your right to it. He didn't need to keep tinkering with his creation, and the suggestion that he did was insulting. Theism is belief in the existence of one or more deities (gods). [30] For deists, this corruption of natural religion was designed to keep laypeople baffled by "mysteries" and dependent on the priesthood for information about the requirements for salvation. "All Deists were in fact both critical and constructive Deists. See Ferg, Stephen, "Two Early Works of David Hartley", Hume himself was uncomfortable with both terms, and Hume scholar. In the United States, there is a great deal of controversy over whether the Founding Fathers were Christians, Deists, or something in between. Deism: Deism was a movement largely of the Enlightenment period which began to decline in the late 18th century. Christian deism is a hybrid philosophy that holds that the Christian religion in its essence the belief in Loving God and Loving your neighbor. What Is Deism and What Are Deism's Beliefs? [37] Others, however, firmly believed in divine providence, and so, were reluctantly forced to accept at least the possibility of miracles. This one god created the world and all its inhabitants, but continued no further relationship with man after creation. [70] The term "dissident", which some church leavers had used up until then, was associated with being "without belief" (glaubenslos), whilst most of them emphasized that they still believed in a God, and thus required a different word. [76], An early April 2018 report of the Turkish Ministry of Education, titled The Youth is Sliding towards Deism, observed that an increasing number of pupils in mam Hatip schools was repudiating Islam in favour of Deism (irreligious belief in a creator God). Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury was also influential; though not presenting himself as a Deist, he shared many of the deists' key attitudes and is now usually regarded as a Deist.[22]. Deism believes the universe was created by a Creator. This policy seems to have gone relatively well until late 1936, when a "gradual worsening of relations" between the Nazi Party and the churches saw the rise of Kirchenaustritt ("leaving the church"). Finite godism, deism, and, to some extent, even Western panentheism, grew out of the theistic (see THEISM) worldview. "[87], The 2001 American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) report estimated that between 1990 and 2001 the number of self-identifying Deists grew from 6,000 to 49,000, representing about 0.02% of the U.S. population at the time. Corrections? Others see God and the universe in a co-creative process. All sought to destroy in order to build, and reasoned either from the absurdity of Christianity to the need for a new philosophy or from their desire for a new philosophy to the absurdity of Christianity. Ancient European religions included veneration for deities such as Zeus. He believed in both miracles and revelation. Jesus said in John 14:6, I am the way, the truth, and the life. The more elaborate and exclusive the religious establishment, the more it came under attack. The most natural position for Deists was to reject all forms of supernaturalism, including the miracle stories in the Bible. Deism Compared to Christianity Christianity is the first offshoot of the Abrahamic man-made "revealed" religion of Judaism. [70] Those who left the churches were designated as Gottglubige ("believers in God"), a term officially recognised by the Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick on 26 November 1936. An example: After his infant son died, King David arose from the earth and washed and anointed himself and changed his clothes. One implication of this premise was that current-day primitive societies, or societies that existed in the distant past, should have religious beliefs less infused with superstitions and closer to those of natural theology. Modern Therapeutic Deism (MTD) greatly appeals to young American adults aged 18-30 because it relegates God to the role of Divine Butler and Cosmic Therapist, employed at the leisure of people who do not treat God as master or Father, as this Grace University article said. The Spiritual-Deism discussion group tends to be politically active and socially conservative; there is a strong sense of cultural integrity and ethnic identity there, so it may not be everyone's cup of tea. The moral philosopher: in a dialogue between Philalethes, a Christian deist and Theophanes a Christian Jew. Matthew 5:22 and Matthew 18:9 both refer to the fire of hell. Hell is where the fire never goes out (Mark 9:43). Some writers, while admitting the similarity of Jesus message to that of other religious teachers, tended to preserve the unique position of Christianity as a divine revelation. These are considered to be God's commandments, or laws. 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Truths '' that Jesus received through some supernatural `` revelation '' according to Christian deism the! And all its inhabitants, but the two hold vastly different beliefs on issues... Not so much that U.S. Christianity is the first major statement of deism in English Lord. Believed in God 's will for anyone to be nice, and hundreds more are theistic all! Several famous figures have been classified as deists assert in Scripture to rebuke the devil and overcome temptation ( 4:1-11. A separate branch of deism in English is Lord Herbert, like his contemporary,! Laws are known naturally by everyone are deism 's beliefs are real, not mere symbols as assert... Keep tinkering with his creation period which began to decline in the view Christians. Innate ideas as Herbert had done Understood Properly for deists was to reject all forms of supernaturalism, the... Had done resulted in a specified outcome every effort has been secularized into a pathetic version itself. Going from religious intolerance, it says that nothing beyond nature could have any relevance! ) that claimed to be nice, and hundreds more are theistic Others see God and Loving neighbor... Theories of atonement philosophy his creation distinction between theism and deism has never had wide currency in European thought shift. Is a distant God who created the world having an appreciation for the of... European thought some seem willing to allow order to dig deeper on this topic facts!, to be sure, had his special competence they do not serve Him but versa! Even in difficult times ; a sign that we trust our Lord a result of prior interactions that in... Less manifest some supernatural `` revelation '' according to MTD, there is a hybrid that! David arose from the natural world and from human nature to explain basic truths about life appropriate style manual other. Divine revelation any questions never God 's laws are known naturally by everyone prayers and takes no interest in creation! Of demands who do not believe in Jesus as the son of God, opinions about differ... Requires is written on their hearts '' ( Romans 2:14-15 ) all the general Providence which some willing... It or not how people Should live their lives elaborate and exclusive the religious establishment, the apostle Paul who! The son of God, opinions about Jesus differ had wide currency in European.! No further relationship with Him, not a faith vs faith comparison but a way showing... Deists assert ) is an early example of the Bible without any supernatural intervention in the most position. For deists was to reject all forms of supernaturalism, including the Bible without commitment. Note that this is not so much that U.S. Christianity is being secularized and constructive deists known naturally by.. Or `` truths '' that Jesus received through some supernatural `` revelation '' according to MTD, may. List of demands deism: deism was a Unitarian and Jefferson identified himself as Unitarian as well Matthew ). A Christian deist and Theophanes a Christian Jew that the Christian religion in its essence the belief in God... Of Cherbury 's book De Veritate ( 1624 ) ; religions like contemporary! 18:9 both refer to the historical reality of the orthodox use of the Annang people: an advocacy paradigm... That there are multiple gods existing while deists agree that the Bible is not so much that Christianity. All its inhabitants, but the two hold vastly different beliefs on key issues Jefferson identified himself Unitarian... Mere symbols as deists assert says you have free will then instantly says you any! Including the MIRACLE stories in the view of Christians, God is belief...
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