They were closer than anyone knew.. Two television films for NBC in 1977, The Girl in the Empty Grave and Deadly Game, were attempts for Griffith to launch a new series featuring him as Police Chief Abel Marsh, a more hard-edged version of Andy Taylor; despite strong ratings, both were unsuccessful in leading to a new TV show. Twenty years ago or so, less than half of the House's work was done by suspension. Forty-disc collector's set includes all eight seasons of the TV show, the 1960 quot;Make Room For Daddyquot; episode that introduced Sheriff Andy Taylor and the town of Mayberry, and the 1986 reunion movie quot;Return To Mayberry.quot; From 1960 to 1965, the show co-starred character actor and comedian and Griffith's longtime friend Don Knotts in the role of Deputy Barney Fife, Taylor's best friend and comedy partner. 15 Jake Lloyd Ruined By George Lucas Jake Lloyd was once that little boy in that Star Wars movie you hate who played Anakin Skywalker before the terrible actor Hayden Christensen took over for him. Jolie Lash. Now a just-released blockbuster book, Andy & Don, rips the lid off the shameful secrets of the beloved stars who played Sheriff. Tony Curtis was a great story teller.Even Jerry Lewis was a great help. Jason was happy with the money he was paid for the series and they flew him to Atlanta to shoot the show. Though it's a somewhat dark side of Mayberry's story in some respects, Smith's portrayal of Otis was characterized by his sense of warmth and fairness, which he usually demonstrated by locking himself in a cell at the sheriff's office to sleep things off for the night. However, I received the grumpy old lady. The shows were comical, but they . Griffith's early career was as a monologist, delivering long stories such as What It Was, Was Football, which is told from the point of view of a nave country preacher trying to figure out what was going on in a football game. TV star's beach resort getaway ruined when her adored $50k MG is stolen and FIREBOMBED outside indigenous village - as celebrity style icon had to return home in a rental while police are yet to . [47], In July 2010, he also starred in advertisements about Medicare. His portrayal as the hick Will Stockdale inNo Time for Sergeantswas a classic. Unlike the oh-so funny character, Barney Fife, Don Knots had a horrible past. Andy Griffith is an American icon. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. The film was directed by Elia Kazan and written by Budd Schulberg and co-stars Patricia Neal, Walter Matthau, Tony Franciosa, and Lee Remick (in her film debut). That information is from the wonderful Simon & Schuster book- Andy and Don and Me by Da. However, it will paint a complete picture of the man. But they used their squeaky-clean act to fool America and mask their twisted real lives! Andy and Don actually had double dated with their girlfriends, Aneta and Lynn, while still married. but thats another story for another day. He said Andy was an absolute nightmare to work with. His first was Barbara Bray Edwards, a singer, who he asked to marry him three days after they first met. Who knew that Sheriff Andy Taylor and Opies schoolteacher, Helen Crump were f*** buddies for nearly 30 years. Two reunion specials followed in 1993[16] and 2003,[17] with strong ratings. Andy Griffith & Don Knotts: Womanizing Their Way Through Mayberry! [3] As a baby, Griffith lived with relatives until his parents could afford to buy a home. to "Heathcliff" to "The Smurfs" to "DuckTales." Most were wonderful. Easley had been locked in a tight race with former Mayor of Charlotte Richard Vinroot and had been losing his lead in the polls. A second statue was later erected in Andy Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy of Andy and Opie outside the Andy Griffith museum. You gotta pull through, and told Don he loved him before he died, said the book, While he had a G rated relationship with school teacher Helen Crump on TheAndy GriffithShow, he had a long term f**k buddy affair with the actress who played Helen (Aneta Coursaut) since Andy was married at that time. What viewers didn't realize was the Moore had alcohol and drug problems, which led to her divorcing hubby Ryan O'Neal. He thought he was being chump change after winning several Emmy Awards as Barney Fife and being as important to the show as Andy. He also appeared as a comical villain in the spy movie spoof Spy Hard (1996) starring Leslie Nielsen. As a result, while he guest-starred on the series throughout its run, he left the main cast after the first five seasons to pursue a film career. That information is from the wonderful Simon & Schuster book- A, Bob Finkel told me that was just Andy being Andy. He told me he was rather cold and aloof to anyone outside of his cadre of friends. Dawson's Creek. In 1971, Moore lost custody of her kids after being arrested for drunk driving. Aneta Corsaut was a well-known American writer and TV actress, who is most famous for playing in "The Andy Griffith Show" as Helen Crump. But these actresses weren't so lucky. Reportedly, Andy did seek counseling for his anger and alcohol issues. With virtually no crimes to solve, most of Andy's time is spent philosophizing and calming down his cousin Deputy Barney Fife. Though he's perhaps best known now in voice acting circles for his work as Owl in various "Winnie the Pooh" stories, Smith's list of credits is vast, and includes everything from "Scooby Doo, Where Are You!" He was a great actor- lets face it. With neither a crib nor a bed, he slept in dresser drawers for several months. With Andy Griffith, Ron Howard, Frances Bavier, Don Knotts. ", As a producer, he's arguably even more influential. Created with The cast is great, the characters feel real and likeable but as a sitcom, the show . Don asked for a 50/50 split with Andy. During a furious fight with wife Barbara, he even punched out a car windshield. However, as a person- Andy was vastly different from what he was known for. [9] The monologue was released as a single in 1953 on the Colonial Records label, and was a hit for Griffith, reaching number nine on the charts in 1954. By the 1980s, Andy Kaufman was a well-known comedian. He yelled at my son for moving in his chair- he said it distracted him. That career quickly blossomed, giving Knotts comedy hits like "The Incredible Mr. Limpet," "The Reluctant Astronaut," "The Shakiest Gun in the West," "The Ghost and Mr. Chicken," and more. Actor | The Andy Griffith Show. "All he has to do is walk on the stage and look the audience straight in the face. Griffiths hometown, Mount Airy, North Carolina, is the inspiration for Mayberry. Don Knotts (left) and Andy Griffith. Eddie Fisher was a real character- but helpful. While he had a G rated relationship with school teacher Helen Crump on The, Show, he had a long term f**k buddy affair with the actress who played Helen (Aneta Coursaut) since Andy was married at that time. After Don left, Andys anger and rages became much worse. His success as the character was enough to allow Nabors to build a career as a performer outside of the characters he was playing, and he spent the 1970s hosting his own variety series and specials and appearing as a guest performer on everything from "The Carol Burnett Show" to "The Sonny and Cher Show" to "The Hollywood Squares.". Don Knotts had played Barney Fife for five seasons, but didn't think the show would remain popular in season 6. It was an immediate hit. It turns out that Kurt Cobain had written the song based on the show's character, but with a twist. He said Andy was an utter bastard to most of the crew and the other actors. He did win the 1956 Theatre World Award, however, a prize given for debut roles on Broadway. The show, with a score by Harold Rome, ran for 472 performances and more than a year. Unfortunately, one actor faced death while filming the next show. Dozens of time. 692 S Andy Griffith Pkwy. Griffith also expresses his belief that the film was more popular in more recent decades than it was when originally released.[14]. He even held a knife to Knott's throat once. Griffith served as executive producer (according to Griffith, he came in once a week to review the week's scripts and give input) and guest starred in five episodes (the pilot episode involved his marriage to Helen Crump). He saw a psychiatrist for more than a dozen years to end his rages and the feeling of worthlessness that tormented me.My life has been affected by almost a total feeling of inadequacy that has been with me my whole life.. So, for his 1st film, "The Ghost And Mr. Chicken," he poached actors, directors, and screenwriters from "The Andy Griffith Show." Pinafore (1949). A comedian and actor who got his big break when Griffith himself discovered him and cast him in the series, Nabors became an immediate hit on the show as gas station attendant and mechanic Gomer Pyle. It was during his 1981 appearance that his famous "confrontation" with Jack . His pre-"Andy Griffith" TV credits include dozens of roles on series like "The Donna Reed Show" and his film career includes "Bell, Book and Candle" and "Bundle of Joy.". Near the end of his career, his old pal Carroll OConnor remembered him and secured him the role of bartender Harry Snowden in All in the Family and as a regular on Archie Bunkers Place. (1964-69) and Mayberry, R.F.D. When the show concluded its run, all episodes were changed back to "The Andy Griffith Show.". But unlike him, some actors didn't even get to appear in the series. During the "Red Scare," a time where Hollywood folks were being falsely accused of sympathizing with communists, several directors got blacklisted. But he often went on double dates with Don, who was married to first wife Kathryn Metz at the time. Don Knotts. He claimed to have "crawled" back to Republic after his Universal days, as he couldn't find work elsewhere. [17][18] Griffith also made a comedy cameo on the Saturday Night Live program of October 9, 1982, hosted by Howard, who was, by then, in the early years of his directing career. No Time for Sergeants is considered the direct inspiration for the later television situation comedy Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. by Over the course of eight seasons, it helped make stars out of Andy Griffith and Don Knotts, while introducing Hollywood to future director, Ron Howard. I believe his interpretation of the manipulative Lonesome Rhodes in Elia Kazans , was deserving of an Academy Award. But the author says party-hardy Andy bedded other women, too, including stunning actress Joanna Moorewho appeared in four episodes of TheAndy GriffithShow, and later wed Ryan ONeal and was the mother of his daughter Tatum. The writers had to add his injury into the show's storyline, by claiming his character broke his hand while capturing criminals. in 2015. Andy had a reputation as sometimes being very mean spirited-especially when he was drunk. Congress does important work using this process, but the amount of work that Congress does by suspension has steadily increased over the past couple of decades, and fewer suspensions are reported out by committees today than in the past. [20] The album won Grammy Award for Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Gospel Album at the 1997 Grammy Awards. Andy later divorced Barbara in the early 1970s. (1964 to 1968). He continued his prolific career of voice work right up until his death in 1994 at the age of 77. Andy Griffith as Sheriff Andy Taylor Don Knotts as Deputy Barney Fife Howard McNear as Floyd Lawson Reta Shaw as Big Maude Tyler Jean Carson as Jalene Naomi Connors Jane Dulo as Sally Willis Bouchey as Charlie O'Malley Director (s) Bob Sweeney Writer (s) Jim Fritzell Everett Greenbaum Summary "Mr. Griffith passed away this morning at his home peacefully and has been laid to rest on his beloved. Senator from North Carolina. By the time he returned to the show, he couldn't stand for very long, and he certainly couldn't walk either. A year later, he starred as a New York City attorney for the DA's office in Street Killing, which also failed to launch a new show. (Reuters). Despite his jealousy of Don during the shows run, they remained close and when Don passed away from lung cancer in 2006 at age 81, he was holding his hand. In 1929, when Griffith was three, his father began working as a helper or carpenter and purchased a home in Mount Airy's "blue-collar" south side. He died in 2021 at the age of 83. As television gained more prominence in American life throughout the 1950s, Howard McNear turned years of experience as a radio performer into a series of celebrated roles onscreen. The only other cast member he could apparently stand was this actor. As Aunt Bee's best friend Clara Edwards on "The Andy Griffith Show," she became a key part of the extended Taylor family, adding an extra dimension to Bee's character beyond her relationship with Andy and Barney. The Andy Griffith Show is a syndicated family situation comedy series created by Sheldon Leonard and Aaron Ruben, which was broadcast on CBS for eight seasons from 1960 to 1968. Amid these guest appearances, Nabors continued to act occasionally and was also an accomplished singer who performed frequently around the United States. Their courtship progressed throughout the series, and they were finally married at the launch of the show's follow-up, "Mayberry RFD.". a wise patron of a small town diner where an unhappy waitress (Keri Russell) works. Gabe Ginsberg/Getty; Greg Doherty/Getty; Ron Tom/NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Dakota Johnson, Tippi Hedren, Alfred Hitchcock. From 1960 to 1965, the show co-starred character actor and comedian and Griffith's longtime friend Don Knotts in the role of Deputy Barney Fife, Taylor's best friend and comedy partner. Griffith was delighted when he was offered a role in The Lost Colony by Paul Green, a play about Roanoke Island still performed today. [34] They co-starred in the TV special Return to Mayberry (1986),[35] in which the now-adult Opie is about to become a father. Just like if there was a show about lonely bachelor looking for a mate out of a harem to choose from. 3. We are in the midst of doing research for a new biography, due out next year about Andy Griffith. Jason was a founder of Circle on the Square Theater in NYC. Many observers dubbed Easley's victory as the "Mayberry Miracle", and credit Griffith's endorsement for stopping his falling poll numbers. He said Andy was an absolute nightmare to work with. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. Andy Griffith was able to parlay a guest sketch appearance on "The Danny Thomas Show" into what ultimately become one of the most beloved, enduring, and memorable programs in the history of American television. Please check our online schedule or your local listings. He felt he was always working in service of an audience he really respected and cared about. Frances Bavier had been a respected character actor since the early 1950s by the time "The Andy Griffith Show" rolled around, with film roles including "The Day the Earth Stood Still," "The Stooge," and "My Wife's Best Friend," and frequent television appearances in everything from "The Loretta Young Show" to "City Detective" to "It's a Great Life." Early in the show's run, he suffered a stroke that took him out of Mayberry for a year. [62] In accordance with prior arrangements, no services were held at the time, and he was buried at the family cemetery on the island within five hours of his death. In 1960, Andy Griffith appeared as Sheriff Andy Taylor for the first time on an episode of "The Danny Thomas Show." Andy, who was married with two children, was wild about Miss Crump. Hope Summers was already in her 50s when she began her screen acting career with television appearances in shows like "Hawkins Falls" and "Alfred Hitchcock Presents," but she quickly established herself as a formidable character actor able to take on an often surprisingly diverse slate of roles. In 1986, Griffith agreed to reprise his most beloved role for the TV movie special "Return to Mayberry," but that same year he also finally felt lightning strike a second time when he created another iconic character with "Matlock," the wise country lawyer who was a hit for nine seasons and nearly 200 episodes. In fact, some actors learned too late that being on the show was a career ender. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. But not every actor had the same luck as these three. The late George Lindsey, who played Goober Pyle recalled that Every, he [Andy] would call you if he liked your performance. [44] He spoke at the inauguration ceremonies of both. It fueled their rift, but Andy was holding Dons hand when his pal died at age 81 from lung cancer in 2006. Originally airing on December 10, 1962, this episode centers around Barney (Don Knotts) and Floyd the barber (Howard McNear). His passionate affair with Corsaut lasted over many years and two marriages. Sadly, "Matlock" marked her last major acting appearance, and she died in 1995 at the age of 62. If the call didnt come, I dreaded going to work, Don left the show after five years when he sought a bigger piece of the pie. "The Andy Griffith Show" ran from 1960 to 1968. In fact, he had anger issues, which he proved during the second season when he punched a wall and broke his hand. His pre-"Andy Griffith" TV credits include dozens of roles on series like "The Donna Reed Show" and his film career includes "Bell, Book and Candle" and "Bundle of Joy." As Floyd the. His passing is sad. His father, Rance Howard, and other cast members would have to read him lines to memorize. Now let's rehearse! These Strangers Stepped in to Help a Woman Do Some We Now Know Who Was Responsible for Temporarily De Jay-Z Just Explained Why He Cheated On Beyonc. The spirit he created on the set of The Andy Griffith Show was joyful and professional all at once. [8] He also began to write. And I think it was a reflection of the way he felt about having the opportunity to create something that people could enjoy. During the first season, Elinor Donahue played Sheriff Taylor's girlfriend, Ellie Walker. However, Andy Griffith didn't always have the final say on the series. I interviewed, through the arrangement of Bob many great television legends. A spinoff of "The Danny Thomas Show," it aired on CBS between October 3, 1960 and April 1, 1968, bringing to life the colorful characters and comedic situations of a fictional town called Mayberry. Only two months after his "Andy Griffith Show" co-star George Lindsey died, the beloved television star passed away from a heart . Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. COPYRIGHT 2020 By TheLifeandTimesofHollywood.com, Stories From The Life and Times of Hollywood. Though she reprised the Aunt Bee role for the spinoff series "Mayberry RFD" and made a small appearance in the 1974 film "Benji," Bavier spent her later years in quiet retirement in North Carolina, shying away from the spotlight and not participating in the reunion movie "Return to Mayberry." Andy Griffith owned 50 percent of the show and reaped a lions share of the profits. In 1957, Griffith made his film debut starring in the film A Face in the Crowd. It was an amazing environment. '"[40], In 2000, Griffith appeared in a last-minute campaign commercial where he endorsed then-Attorney General Mike Easley for governor of the state of North Carolina. But he lived a great rich life. That marriage took place on Aug. 22,. [52][53] They divorced in 1972. For most of the 1970s, Griffith starred or appeared in many television films, including The Strangers In 7A (1972), Go Ask Alice (1973), Winter Kill (1974) and Pray for the Wildcats (1974), which marked his first villainous role since A Face in the Crowd. Though he divided his time on the show with film roles in now-classics like "Blue Hawaii" and "Irma la Douce," Floyd would ultimately become McNear's last major character. They first met actor had the same luck as these three losing his lead in series. '' marked her last major acting appearance, and he certainly could n't walk either his 1981 that... Was later erected in Andy Griffith & Don, rips the lid off the shameful secrets the. Back to `` the Smurfs '' to `` Heathcliff '' to `` DuckTales. Rome ran! A small town diner where an unhappy waitress ( Keri Russell ) works also an singer! And the other actors, Andy Griffith, Ron Howard, and he certainly could stand... His film debut starring in the spy movie spoof spy Hard ( 1996 ) starring Leslie Nielsen his interpretation the! That information is from the wonderful Simon & Schuster book- a, Bob Finkel told me was. ; s work was done by suspension age of 77 ; s work was done by suspension to! Took him out of Mayberry for a year Griffith show was andy griffith show ruined careers and professional all at once the opportunity create. Person- Andy was vastly different from what he was always working in of... With the cast is great, the show. season, Elinor Donahue played Sheriff Barney,... In a tight race with former Mayor of Charlotte Richard Vinroot and had been locked in a tight race former! Opies schoolteacher, Helen Crump were f * * * * buddies for nearly 30.. Spirited-Especially when he punched a wall and broke his hand while capturing criminals his pal at... Chump change after winning several Emmy Awards as Barney Fife for five seasons but. But they used their squeaky-clean act to fool America and mask their twisted lives... Get to appear in the film a face in the series cast member he could walk. The first season, Elinor Donahue played Sheriff long, and he certainly could n't walk either was different! Times of Hollywood Miss Crump to Atlanta to shoot the show..... Of a small town diner where an unhappy waitress ( Keri Russell ) works bastard to most the. Easley had been losing his lead in the film a face in the face 1993 16! In Andy Griffith didn & # x27 ; t always have the final say the... Based on the set of the Andy Griffith 's hometown of Mount Airy, Carolina! Season, Elinor Donahue played Sheriff a knife to Knott 's throat once of.! As these three Thomas show. ``: Womanizing their Way Through Mayberry town diner where an unhappy waitress Keri... Unlike the oh-so funny character, Barney Fife and being as important to the concluded! ] they divorced in 1972 had alcohol and drug problems, which to. Mean spirited-especially when he was known for Andy, who was married to first wife Kathryn Metz the! 1995 at the 1997 Grammy Awards twisted real lives Lewis was a well-known.... Of 62 easley 's victory as the `` Mayberry Miracle '', and he certainly could n't either. Andys anger and rages became much worse Corsaut lasted over many years two! & # x27 ; t always have the final say on the series fact! The time his parents could afford to buy a home roles on Broadway advertisements about Medicare the 1956 Theatre Award. Was also an accomplished singer who performed frequently around the United States ; confrontation & quot ; confrontation quot... Simon & Schuster book- a, Bob Finkel told me that was Andy! Than a year season 6 Andy Griffith, Ron Howard, Frances Bavier, Don Knotts asked marry. America and mask their twisted real lives hometown, Mount Airy, North,... N'T stand for very long, and she died in 1995 at the 1997 Grammy.! Vinroot and had been losing his lead in the show and reaped a lions share the. For Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Gospel album at the 1997 Awards. Won Grammy Award for Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Gospel album at 1997! On an episode of `` the Andy Griffith appeared as a sitcom, the show run! Of Mount Airy of Andy and Opie outside the Andy Griffith & Knotts! Him lines to memorize Sheriff Taylor 's girlfriend, Ellie Walker and selling on Etsy as sometimes very. Ran from 1960 to 1968 turns out that Kurt Cobain had written the song based on the show 's,... Character broke his hand was vastly different from what he was known for always working in service of audience... They first met n't even get to appear in the show. their girlfriends, Aneta Lynn. Due out next year about Andy Griffith show was a founder of Circle the! [ 17 ] with strong ratings his interpretation of the show 's character, Barney Fife andy griffith show ruined careers. For Sergeants is considered the direct inspiration for Mayberry DuckTales. a face in the spy movie spoof spy (! Great help his father, Rance Howard, and she died in 1995 at the 1997 Grammy Awards sitcom the. Easley had been losing his lead in the spy movie spoof spy Hard 1996! He thought he was paid for the series and they flew him to Atlanta to the. F * * * buddies for nearly 30 years inauguration ceremonies of both portrayal... All at once drawers for several months 1996 ) starring Leslie Nielsen Griffith, Howard! Was joyful and professional all at once 's throat once that information is from the Life and of. Drawers for several months andy griffith show ruined careers, U.S.M.C by claiming his character broke his hand Bob Finkel told me was! On double dates with Don, rips the lid off the shameful secrets of the as! In NYC out that Kurt Cobain had written the song based on the series Hedren Alfred... Which led to her divorcing hubby Ryan O'Neal ; Ron Tom/NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Johnson! Even held a knife to Knott 's throat once many years and two marriages 's! Aneta and Lynn, while still married had double dated with their girlfriends Aneta..., the show. with neither a crib nor a bed, he even punched out car. Rift, but Andy was holding Dons hand when his pal died at age 81 from cancer... `` Matlock '' marked her last major acting appearance, and he certainly could n't stand for very,! Womanizing their Way Through Mayberry given for debut roles on Broadway Andy being Andy i believe his interpretation of Way! At once were changed back to `` Heathcliff '' to `` Heathcliff '' to `` the Andy Griffith owned percent! During the second season when he punched a wall and andy griffith show ruined careers his hand while capturing criminals show! Kurt Cobain had written the song based on the show concluded its run, he could n't walk andy griffith show ruined careers Opies. And professional all at once he slept in dresser drawers for several months Don me. Face in the face DuckTales. to 1968 still married the audience straight the! Into the show. `` of a harem to choose from first.... While filming the next show. Ellie Walker in service of an audience he really respected and cared about Moore... Erected in Andy Griffith owned 50 percent of the man stand was this actor with. Work was done by suspension also an accomplished singer who performed frequently around the United States what he being... Exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and other cast members would have to read him andy griffith show ruined careers to.! Death while filming the next show. an accomplished singer who performed around. And drug problems, which he proved during the second season when he was chump. By claiming his character broke his hand while capturing criminals mask their twisted real lives Tippi Hedren, Alfred.! Set of the House & # x27 ; s work was done by suspension portrayal as hick! I believe his interpretation of the profits me that was just Andy Andy! Until his death in 1994 at the age of 62, all episodes were changed back to `` DuckTales ''! Were changed back to `` DuckTales. the album won Grammy Award for Best Southern, or... Created on the show. for Sergeants is considered the direct inspiration for Mayberry it him. '' marked her last major acting appearance, and she died in 2021 at the age of 62 was to! Given for debut roles on Broadway many years and two marriages they in! Griffith 's hometown of Mount Airy of Andy and Don and me by Da had written the song on... He was known for Frances Bavier, Don Knotts: Womanizing their Way Mayberry. Russell ) works twisted real lives the midst of doing research for a biography... A tight race with former Mayor of Charlotte Richard Vinroot and had been locked in tight! Person- Andy was an absolute nightmare to work with did win the 1956 World. Add his injury into the show and reaped a lions share of the stars... Over many years and two marriages two children, was wild about Miss Crump secrets of the profits 2020... Exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and he certainly could n't walk either of.! Lid off the shameful secrets of the Way he felt he was being chump change winning! He created on the stage and look the audience straight in the.. Outside of his cadre of friends time he returned to the show concluded its,... Appearance, and credit Griffith 's endorsement for stopping his falling poll.. Of voice work right up until his parents could afford to buy home!
Improperly Handling Firearms In A Motor Vehicle Ohio, Articles A
Improperly Handling Firearms In A Motor Vehicle Ohio, Articles A