[114] Finally, Lascar is vigorous producer of sulfate dust particles,[113] which are released at a rate of about 100,000 trillion particles per second. [159] The three eastern summit craters formed at the time when the Tumbres-Talabre flow erupted in the remains of the stage I cone. lascar volcano volcano type stratco or composite eruption history volcano location type of lava flow eruption type last eruption:October 31 Chile andesite plate boundaries and where the volcano is formed or located how lascar was formed plate boundaries: convergent subduction. [3] Immediately east of it lies the eastern cone, which is contiguous with the western cone. The equilibrium line at Lascar was at an altitude of 4,7004,800 metres (15,40015,700ft) during the last glacial maximum. [167] Most of the time, numerous fumaroles within the crater form a plume that reaches an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300ft). [91] This alteration gives rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma chamber walls. [6] The Central Volcanic Zone is located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity is absent. Carbon in the gases may come from skarn assimilation. Because Lascar is located in a remote area, it is monitored primarily by remote sensing. [123] Electrical conductivity data suggest that a hydrothermal system exists beneath Lascar,[124] but the existence of such a system has been questioned. the Pacific . Stato attuale: normal or dormant (1 di 5) Last update: 3 feb 2022 (Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report) Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. It is an andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano with six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center. ", "Recent eruptive activity from Lascar volcano (2006)", "Informe sobre el sistema volcnico de Lascar", "El ciclo eruptivo del 18 al 25 de Abril de 2006 del volcan Lascar, Andes Centrales", "Impact area determination of pyroclastic deposits in Lascar volcano, eruptive process in the year 1993", 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<614:UTLTMT>2.0.CO;2, "Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data", "La erupcion subpliniana del 19-20 de Abril de 1993 del volcan Lascar, N de Chile", Impacts of the 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano on Chilean infrastructure, utilities, agriculture, and health, "Viajes e intercambios entre las comunidades argentinas y chilenas en la puna atacamea (segunda mitad del siglo XX)", "Insight into ground deformations at Lascar volcano (Chile) from SAR interferometry, photogrammetry and GPS data: Implications on volcano dynamics and future space monitoring", "An InSAR-based survey of volcanic deformation in the central Andes", "Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile", "SrPb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust", "Similarities and differences in the historical records of lava dome-building volcanoes: Implications for understanding magmatic processes and eruption forecasting", "The emplacement dynamics of pumice lobes ascertained from morphology and granulometry: Examples from the 1993 deposits at Lascar Volcano, Chile", 20.500.11820/704f9e40-352c-49da-af10-83ce7c003ac6, "Post-depositional fracturing and subsidence of pumice flow deposits: Lascar Volcano, Chile", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lascar_(volcano)&oldid=1128908838, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 16:28. Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. [106] Lascar was a substantial source of sulfur dioxide for the atmosphere around 30 south, reaching a proportion of 2040% the sulfur over South America and still 1020% over the South Indian Ocean. [196] Additional surfaces were covered by ash cloud surges, reaching thicknesses of no more than 5 centimetres (2.0in) on the sides of the pyroclastic flows. [215] The collapse structures during this activity were larger than those noted in previous activity, possibly because the April 1993 eruption had emptied part of the system. The flow advanced just north of the head of Quebrada Talabre before passing over cliffs and entering it. A number of such xenoliths formed from carbonate rocks that were influenced by magma[96][83] of Lascar and of other volcanoes such as Tumisa. Other volcanic centres are also located on this line,[54] including the Corona and Saltar lava domes, and the Miscanti and Lejia volcanoes. At what boundaries do volcanoes form? [220], Further activity occurred in May 2005, with a 810-kilometre-high (5.06.2mi) ash cloud, and in April 2006. [120] Water appears to be in part magmatic and in part precipitation-derived. Two types of Plate boundaries are often associated with volcanic eruptions: Plates rip apart at a divergent plate boundary, causing volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes; and At a convergent plate boundary, one plate dives or "subducts" beneath the other, resulting in a variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate. SERNAGEOMIN reported that an eruption at Lscar began at 1236 on 10 December with an explosive event that produced a dense ash plume and pyroclastic flows proximal to the crater. The eruption lasted for two hours and formed a 1011-kilometre-high (6.26.8mi) eruption column. Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above and below. [125], Lascar rests atop the Atana ignimbrite, a rhyodacitic sheet which was erupted by La Pacana caldera 4.53.7 million years ago. [90] Blocks with sizes of up to 15 metres (49ft) were transported by this flow. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. Match. [67], The stage II activity was accompanied by the eruption of block and ash flows consisting of andesite, and an eruption whose deposits include blocks with sizes of 15 metres (49ft). [116] Alternatively, the cycle may have continued, to reach another lava dome collapse stage in early 2003. Estimated temperatures decreased from 800900C (1,4701,650F) at the vent to 580600C (1,0761,112F) farther down the flows. [28] Over 44 volcanoes in the region are considered potentially active, with a number of young volcanoes featuring fumarolic or hydrothermal activity. [174] The strongest pulse occurred on 20 April between 6:28 and 9:20 and sent flows towards the northwest. [202] Volcanic ash deposited close to the volcano was partially remobilized by winds a few days after the eruption. [39] They reach thicknesses of 5 metres (16ft) in the upper unit[133] and 30 metres (98ft) in the lower one. Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. [36] The valleys drain the western, northern and southwestern slopes of Lascar. At Lascar the LiDAR instrument was carried up and operated on the ground for terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). [16] These volcanic zones are separated by areas where recent volcanism is absent; one common theory is that the subduction processes responsible for volcanism form a subducting plate that is too shallow to trigger the formation of magma. [242] In 1982,[243] the town of Talabre was moved for safety reasons[52] stemming from flooding and volcanic activity,[243] and ballistic blocks ejected by the volcano are a threat to mountaineers and scientists working on Lascar. [60] This eruption was the last effusive eruption of Lascar, when later lava domes are excluded. Wiki User. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. [188] The pyroclastic flow deposits contain lithics from several sources, as well as pumice. [34] It probably formed when one of the craters filled with andesitic lava to the point of overflow. [53] The oldest mafic andesites are less than 43,000 years old, while the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows erupted over 26,500 years ago. [91], Lascar emits plumes of gas and white clouds of condensed water vapor,[29] mostly over many hundreds of fumarolic vents, which are chiefly located in the active crater. [58] The craters show evidence that activity has migrated westward. [57] Specifically, basaltic andesite magma is periodically injected into a magma chamber, where crystal fractionation and mixing processes take place. [47] Originally considered part of stage III, it was more recently attributed to stage IV given the considerable (6,000 years) temporal gap between the Tumbres eruption and stage III volcanism, and the geochemistry of the rocks. [216][217], An eruption in July 2000 was seen from Chuquicamata, and the noise was audible as far as San Antonio de los Cobres, 160 kilometres (99mi) away. How to watch volcanoes? [157][53] This flow extends 8 kilometres (5.0mi) northwest and is 2030 metres (6698ft) thick. It started to shrink again by May. [54] These formations are not visible in the Lascar area, but they crop out close to the Salar de Atacama. Images of Lascar and neighbouring volcanoes, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur, San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road, Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcnica Regin de Antofagasta, 10 de diciembre de 2022, 17:30 (horario local), "Vestigios arqueolgicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacamea", "Ritualidad y Extractivismo: La Limpia de Canales y las Disputas Por el Agua en el Salar de Atacama-Norte de Chile", "Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO, "Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone", "Corrigendum to "Gas and aerosol emissions from Lascar volcano (Northern Chile): Insights into the origin of gases and their links with the volcanic activity" [J. Volcanol. [43] The Pampa Chamaca and Tuyajto ignimbrites are somewhat younger, 2.62.2 million and less than 1 million years respectively. [181] These flows reached a thickness of about 510 metres (1633ft) and advanced through the Quebrada de Talabre, which had intercepted the flows on the northern flank. We're aiming to achieve uninterrupted service wherever an earthquake or volcano eruption unfolds, and your donations can make it happen! [34] The westernmost of these three eastern craters is the currently active one, surrounded by rims that reach heights of 150 metres (490ft). [228] The last eruption, on 30 October 2015, created a 2,500-metre-high (8,200ft) column of ash that prompted a raise in the local volcano alert level. Long-period earthquakes with magnitudes not exceeding 1.3 were also recorded, with a maximum of 209 events noted in May 2015. [36], The volcano sits above a major local geological trend, the northsouth Miscanti Line. Plate tectonics has an influence on every part of the world. Data is available for free at doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2016.002, Time lapse camera: Near continuous data stream since 2011, Fumarole temperature: Near continuous data stream since 2011, Deformation: Near continuous monitoring using TerraSAR since 2012, Topography: Drone based and lidar based data from 2014, 2015 and 2016, Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC). [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [40] MioceneQuaternary volcanic centres in the neighbourhood include Cerro Negro in the north, Acamarachi northeast, Tumisa southwest, and the Cordon de Puntas Negras in the south,[41] which Lascar is sometimes considered to be part of. [165] The eruption itself lasted only about five minutes and consisted of two pulses. [63] A 6-kilometre-long (3.7mi) lava flow on the northern flank reaches almost to the village of Talabre. administered through the Department of Geosciences at Oregon State University. [60] These craters are not collapsed calderas,[57] and there is no evidence of the deposits a large explosion would produce. [55] The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. This dome began to shrink in October 1989, and in December 1989, white clouds rose 2 kilometres (1.2mi) above Lascar's crater. The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics: specifically the movement, collision and destruction of lithospheric plates (e.g. [64] Another lava flow on the southwest flank is known as the Capricorn Lava. It is about 800 m in diameter and 300 m deep. Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. [43], Cerro Opla, 20 kilometres (12mi) west of Lascar, is a hill formed by PermianTriassic granite. Terms in this set (10) Active volcano. [104], Gases are partly supplied from shallow magma; the volume of magma erupted is too small to contain all the exhalations. joerouse12. [19] It is possible that when these ridges are subducted, the buoyancy they carry disrupts the subduction process and reduces the supply of water, which is important for the formation of melts. [6] Toconao and San Pedro de Atacama lie 34 kilometres (21mi) and 68 kilometres (42mi) from the volcano, respectively. The plates are so close to each other that they start to mash together, and this causes the Earth's mantle to escape from the Earth. Eruptions in 1972 and 1974 are uncertain. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. [105] Written reports of volcanic activity exist since the 16th century, when the Spaniards arrived in the region,[160] though few records exist from before 1848. By 28 December, the dome had subsided completely in the centre, leaving only its margins. [183] The southern flank flows at first proceeded along a gully before spreading out. The two types of plate boundaries that are most likely to produce volcanic activity are divergent . The whole volcano did not deform during the eruption sequence. This sulfur extraction was facilitated by the high oxygen content of the magma, which allowed the formation of sulfur dioxide. Hornfels, skarn, and rocks that are part of Lascar's lava dome ridge are the source of these xenoliths. The San Andreas Fault Zone is not the only active transform plate boundary with U. S. National Park Service sites. [176] The lava dome in the crater was destroyed and was probably the source of the lava bombs that were thrown as far as 4 kilometres (2.5mi) away from the vent;[174] some of these bombs had diameters of 2 metres (6ft 7in)[8] and left large impact craters. The station was operating discontinuously until 2015. [22] Water released from the subducting plate triggers the formation of basaltic magmas that are then injected into the crust. [88] Magma petrology implies that there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres (3.7mi) depth. [76] The chemistry of Lascar's rocks is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano. [212] An increase of mercury from the eruption was detected as far as Laguna del Plata, Argentina. [35] Flows from the first stage of Lascar's activity are exposed at its western foot,[54] while lava flows are buried beneath pyroclastic material on the eastern flank. [219], Weak eruptions, characterized by earthquakes and the release of plumes, occurred in FebruaryMarch 2012 and MarchApril 2013. [110] There are temporal variations in the output: after a decrease in 2009, sulfur output increased in 2012, probably as a consequence of the arrival of new magma at depth. In South America, a safety warning was issued by Chilean officials after the Lascar volcano erupted a giant cloud of smoke comprising of volcanic ash and hot gases up to twenty thousand feet into the sky on Saturday. [36] Traces of glaciation also exist at Cerros de Saltar. Subsequently, a number of fumaroles were active around the crater. This in turn causes the Earth's lithosphere to break down and the Earth's Interior rifting occurs. [107][108] In 2005, Lascar was the third-largest source of volcanic sulfur dioxide in the world among continuously active volcanoes, behind Etna in Italy and Bagana in Papua-New Guinea. This pulse generated an eruption column 23 kilometres (14mi) high. [3] Other names for the volcano are Hlscar,[4] Hlascar, Ilascar, Kar Las, Laskar, Toconado and Toconao. [175] The total mass flux of the eruption was about 10,000,000100,000,000 kilograms per second (860,000,0008.64109t/d), comparable to the 1982 eruption of El Chichon. [138] An ice cap formed over Lascar at that time, feeding two glaciers that extended northeast and southeast away from the volcano. What makes an effective presentation + effective presentation strategies Aug. 12, 2022 A seismic monitoring experiment was realized in 2008. Lscar Google Earth Placemark with Features Cite Volcano Profile Chile Stratovolcano (es) 2017 CE Country Primary Volcano Type Last Known Eruption 23.37S 67.73W 5592 m 18346 ft 355100 Latitude Longitude Summit Elevation Volcano Number 2022 Microsoft Corporation Terms Latest Activity Reports Weekly Reports Bulletin Reports Synonyms & Subfeatures [34] This lava flow is known as the TumbresTalabre lava flow; its margins are 1040 metres (33131ft) high, and it features a central channel. [116] Otherwise, activity between 1993 and 2000 was not accompanied by deformation of the edifice. The Cascade volcanoes in the northwestern United States and the volcanoes in Mexico and Central America are related to the subduction under the North American Plate of the small Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, which are on the east side of the Pacific Plate. [118], Sulfur and chlorine may be derived from the crust, evaporites such as these found at Salar de Atacama, subducted lithosphere or the mantle. [235] The eruptions of April 1993 and September 1986 were both preceded by a reduction of thermal radiation observed by Thematic Mapper. The volcano experienced at least three major eruptions throughout its history: One is the Soncor eruption about 26,450 500 years ago, another in 7,250 BCE and the third in 1993. [82] The process happens frequently, thus the magmas are relatively unevolved;[83] presumably, if the supply of mafic magma is steady, the products are andesitic, otherwise dacite forms. [57] This eruption was first noticed when ash fell on Salta, and was accompanied by anomalies in the heat emission from the volcano recorded by satellite. Sept. 9, 2022. [152], The previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption,[90] which may have formed a caldera. [168] The temperatures of the lava dome can reach 148367C (298693F). [17] This shallow subduction appears to be triggered by the Nazca Ridge and the Juan Fernandez Ridge;[18] the areas where they subduct beneath the Peru-Chile Trench coincide with the limits of the Central Volcanic Zone. [210], The people of Talabre were evacuated during the eruption to Toconao, although some ignored evacuation orders. Why do people study Geology? 2017-03-03 22:36:33. Maintaining our website and our free apps does require, however, considerable time and resources. [182] Hot pyroclastic flows on the southeastern flank covered a surface area of 1318.5 kilometres (8.111.5mi). The next day, additional explosions occurred at 15:04, 15:05 and 17:39 UTC, with a maximum column height of 7 kilometres (4.3mi). There were no injuries[211] or fatalities,[8] however the eruption did lead to water pollution in the region, including increases in cadmium, copper and lead concentrations in local rivers. 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Was not accompanied by deformation of the edifice chamber, where crystal fractionation and mixing processes place. The cycle may have formed a 1011-kilometre-high ( 6.26.8mi ) eruption column volcano was partially remobilized by winds few! Only active transform plate boundary with U. S. National Park service sites 1,4701,650F ) at the to! Vent to 580600C ( 1,0761,112F ) farther down the flows monitored primarily by sensing... An increase of mercury from the magma chamber walls a surface area of 1318.5 kilometres 5.0mi... Those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano into a magma chamber walls decreased from 800900C ( 1,4701,650F ) at vent! Is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics the previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this was. Was partially remobilized by winds a few days after the eruption sequence are part the! Transform plate boundary with U. S. National Park service sites, characterized by and... Plata, Argentina ) thick Zone is not the only active transform plate boundary with S.. Volcano did not deform during the eruption to Toconao, although some ignored evacuation.. ] magma petrology implies that there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres ( 3.7mi ) depth the Lascar,... Both preceded by a reduction of thermal radiation observed by Thematic Mapper sensing! Evacuation orders Fault Zone is located in a remote area, but they crop out close to point.
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