escape from singapore 1942

The once proud naval base, HMS Sultan,was evacuated at the end of January and set on fire with personnel relocated to a hutted camp at Seletar. Brooke, Geoffrey, Singapores Dunkirk, Leo Cooper, London, 1989. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Although the 25th Army was outnumbered by Commonwealth forces in Malaya and Singapore, they did not take the initiative with their forces while Japanese commanders concentrated theirs. (Brooke 1989). Government authorities had been tardy and inefficient in the evacuation of civilians until only a few days before and now, as the last vessels that could be remotely called ships prepared to leave, chaotic scenes were taking place at the Singapore wharves as dozens of European and Eurasian civilian men, together with hundreds of servicemen from the UK, Australia, India and New Zealand scrambled onto any vessel departing that would take them. [145], Bennett's party eventually made its way back to Australia while between 15,000 and 20,000 Australian soldiers were reportedly captured. As it starts, it's not really obvious whether it's a novel or narrative, since it's all told third person. During this time a number of witnesses claim that Australian deserters were involved in widespread looting, while others were alleged to have pushed women off the gangways to get aboard the departing ships evacuating the civilians. In February 1942 Geoffrey Charles Whitaker was a retired RN officer on the Emergency List living in Singapore. The AIF was given a disproportionately small allocation of 100 places to all ranks. Life on the Line tracks down Australian war veterans and records their stories. After ML310was attacked by enemy ships she grounded on Tjebia Island about 30 miles north of Banka Strait. The June 2019 edition of this magazine contained an article The Naval Evacuation of Singapore February 1942 which lists MV Kembong amongst forty-five vessels that escaped. SSPerak, a 1,200-ton passenger/cargo steamer of the Straits Steamship Company, had sailed from Singapore a few days before the surrender with personnel from No 36 Squadron RAF embarked. Copyright 2023. [92] During the initial assault, the Japanese suffered severe casualties from Australian mortars and machine-guns and from burning oil which had been sluiced into the water following the demolition of several oil tanks by the Australians. Three days after the British surrender, the Japanese began the Sook Ching purge, killing thousands of civilians. War finally came with Japanese forces attacking the northern beaches of Malaya on 8 December 1941 because of the dateline, one hour ahead of Pearl Harbor.Within days their attacks had extended to the Philippines and Hong Kong and through a pincer movement, down both sides of the Malay Peninsula. [120] That day, military police executed Captain Patrick Heenan for espionage. [56] This was encouraged by the deliberate movement of Japanese troops in this sector to deceive the British. [80], By the time of the invasion, only ten Hurricanes of 232 Squadron, based at RAF Kallang, remained to provide air cover for the Commonwealth forces on Singapore. Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters, ASIN Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! Straits Times: Malayas Fishery Ice-Box, 28 July 1937. by Ian Skidmore. [139][135] Post-war analysis has shown that a counter-attack might have succeeded. Bennett attempted to reinforce the 22nd Brigade by moving the 2/29th Battalion from the 27th Brigade area to Tengah but before it could be used to recapture Ama Keng, the Japanese launched another attack around the airfield and the 2/29th was forced onto the defensive. Two municipal engineers (James Reid, plus another, name unknown), who had someknowledge of diesel engines, were also found. Twenty-two others escaped the island after rebuilding a native vessel but were captured and returned to Singapore as POWs. Pether, Michael, Extensive research papers & web sites,Auckland, 2018. The papers included information about the weakness of the Singapore base. [144] Following the surrender, Bennett caused controversy when he decided to escape. Were glad you found a book that interests you! [25], Although more Commonwealth unitsincluding some from the 8th Australian Divisionjoined the campaign, the Japanese prevented them from regrouping. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. [99] On the evening of 10 February, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, cabled Wavell, I think you ought to realise the way we view the situation in Singapore. : The Japanese advance continued and the Allies began to run out of supplies. [127] The civilian authorities began to fear that the water supply would give out; Percival was advised that large amounts of water were being lost due to damaged pipes and that the water supply was on the verge of collapse. Some did make landfall on a number of islands including Pompong Island (about 80 miles south of Singapore) where they escaped the wrath of their attackers. With the option of surrender or attack Wilkinson, with the support of his crew, chose the latter and sank one transport and damaged another before Li Wowas sunk. For his leadership in the fighting withdrawal, Anderson was awarded the Victoria Cross. [141] They returned with orders that Percival himself proceed with staff officers to the Ford Motor Factory, where Yamashita would lay down the terms of surrender. The battalion, consisting of poorly trained and equipped replacements, advanced to an assembly area near Bukit Timah. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. Conventional British military thinking was that the Japanese forces were inferior and characterised that the Malayan jungles as "impassable"; the Japanese were repeatedly able to use it to their advantage to outflank hastily established defensive lines. From Michael Pether (Pether 2018) we also know the auxiliary HMS Scott Harleysafely made its destination of Tanjung Priok. Some died during the night as a result of their treatment. In early December 1941 Malayan Police rounded up about 1200 Japanese and impounded their fleet of fishing vessels. The converted riverboat Wah Sui,not an internationally registered hospital ship, but painted white with large red crosses on both sides, had already been used to evacuate wounded from Singapore to Java and was now anchored in the harbour. [149] Many British units were reported to have been similarly affected. on January 13, 2021, There are no reviews yet. Survivors from this closely knit unit stayed together and some managed to escape whilst others were taken into custody. They were malnourished and frightened, with morale and discipline at a low ebb. A month later they were washed ashore having returned to within a hundred miles of their departure point. Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. Loading interface. [k][l] The Kappe Report, compiled by Colonels J. H. Thyer and C. H. Kappe, concedes that at most only two-thirds of the Australian troops manned the final perimeter. The Japanese forces also used bicycle infantry and light tanks, allowing swift movement through the jungle. Many of them suffered severe hardships and brutality similar to that experienced by other prisoners held by Japan during the war. The lower deck was taken up with refrigeration equipment and brine tanks. About the author Ian Skidmore 24 books Ratings &Reviews On sailing there were about300 passengers and crew. [169] Numerous British and Australian soldiers taken prisoner remained in Singapore's Changi Prison and many died in captivity. Eventually it becomes clear that Skidmore must have reconstructed it all from interviews with and diaries of those involved, but it makes for an awkward beginning. During the battle for Singapore the battalion was engaged in heavy fighting for 20 hours before being overrun by the enemy. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. Arrival at the RAF Base was timely as with enemy advances it was due to be evacuated with personnel and aircraft transferred to Java. [124] For the most part, there was limited fighting around the perimeter, except around Pasir Panjang Ridge, 1mi (1.6km) from Singapore Harbour, where the 1st Malaya Brigadewhich consisted of a Malayan infantry battalion, two British infantry battalions and a force of Royal Engineersfought a stubborn defensive action during the Battle of Pasir Panjang. [73] The next recorded raid on the city occurred on the night of 29/30 December, and nightly raids ensued for over a week, accompanied by daylight raids from 12 January 1942. [118][119] The Japanese captured the water reservoirs that supplied the town but did not cut off the supply. Then it gets more murky because the initial escape from Singapore is made in two boats by the members of an anti-aircraft battery. By this time, Kallang Airfield was, according to author Frank Owen, "so pitted with bomb craters that it was no longer usable". [138], In analysing the campaign, Clifford Kinvig, a senior lecturer at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, blamed the commander of the 27th Infantry Brigade, Brigadier Duncan Maxwell, for his defeatist attitude and not properly defending the sector between the Causeway and the Kranji River. Show all copies. This page was last edited on 2 January 2023, at 01:56. That afternoon the Admiral called a meeting in his office at Fort Canning and told us that the decision that Singapore could not hold out had been agreed and orders had been given for the remaining naval and Air Force personnel, as well as selected Army technicians, to leave that evening (Pool 1987). Silver, Lynette R., The Heroes of Rimau, Leo Cooper, London, 1990. The Captain anchored near the mouth of the Siak River, a large estuary on the east coast of Sumatra, where she was sheltered from prying eyes. [122][123], The Australians occupied a perimeter of their own to the north-west around Tanglin Barracks, in which they maintained an all round defence as a precaution. Three other HDMLs for the Straits Settlement Volunteer Reserve (SSVR) were given names in lieu of numbers, Panglima, Penghambatand Penyengat. Roberts, Janet I., The Yachties Australian Volunteers in the Royal Navy 1940-45, Master of Arts Thesis University of Melbourne, October 2007. Singapore a bastion of the British Empire, an impregnable fortress, fortified to withstand attack and prevent siege. Life on the Line Podcasts This tally possibly accounts for the largest number of Australian troops missing after release from Singapore. The "Southern Area", including the main urban areas in the south-east, was commanded by Major-General Frank Simmons. Geoffrey Alexander Rowley-Conwy Langford Baron (1912-). [160], The loss of Singapore, along with other defeats in Southeast Asia in 1942, reduced British prestige in the region. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. Singapore was considered so important that Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered Percival to fight to the last man. Eventually it becomes clear that Skidmore must have reconstructed it all from interviews with and diaries of those involved, but it makes for an awkward beginning. Japanese aircraft continuously bombed the civilian water supply which was expected to fail within days. A little after 7.30 pm Kembongs engines were coaxed into life and at 8 pm the anchor was raised. Japanese fighters were superior to the Commonwealth fighters, which helped the Japanese to gain air supremacy. Those who fell on the way were bayoneted. After sailing for one day she was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-4with no known survivors. The rest of the crew, with little seafaring experience, were from Dalforce. According to Woodburn-Kirby the majority of deserters were from administrative units or were men who had only recently arrived in Malaya and were inadequately trained. Japanese forces quickly isolated, surrounded and forced the surrender of Indian units defending the coast. [45] In the heart of the "Western Area" was RAF Tengah, Singapore's largest airfield at the time. [21] The aircraft were, according to historian Peter Dennis, "not considered good enough for use in Europe" and major shortcomings included a slow rate of climb and the fuel system, which required the pilot to hand-pump fuel if flying above 6,000ft (1,800m). [11], Japanese oil reserves were rapidly depleting due to its military operations in China and by industrial consumption. This is without a doubt the most boring WWII book I've come across. [16], The 25th Army was resisted in northern Malaya by III Corps of the British Indian Army. Bennetts independent spirit did not fit into the Allied command structure, however his Division generally acquitted themselves well against a seasoned enemy. When ordered to leave Singapore she was heavily laden with 14 crew and 62 passengers. He proposed two options: an immediate counter-attack to regain the reservoirs and the military food depots around Bukit Timah, or surrender. At the same time, bowing to Japanese political pressure and possibly compounding foreseen weakness, Britain withdrew from its Chinese based garrisons at Shanghai and Tientsin and repositioned these regiments in Singapore, leaving the last east Asian outpost at Hong Kong alone and vulnerable. Only after cross-checking the message with the Automedon papers did the Japanese accept it to be genuine. Financial constraints had hampered construction efforts during the intervening period and shifting strategic circumstances had largely undermined the key premises behind the strategy by the time war had broken out in the Pacific. Silver, Lynette R., KRAIT The Fishing Boat that went to War, Cultured Lotus, Singapore, 2001. [102] In the early hours of 11 February, the Japanese, who had concentrated significant forces around the Tengah airfield and on the Jurong Road, began further offensive operations: the 5th Division aimed its advance towards Bukit Panjang, while the 18th Division struck out towards Bukit Timah. Please try again. Assisted by Dalforce volunteers, McKerron went to find a retired Royal Naval officer, Lieutenant Commander Geoffrey Whitaker3, who was persuaded to take command; that Whitaker was not a navigator but an electrical engineer seemed of little consequence. One survivor, Private Arthur Haines from the Wiltshire Regiment, wrote a four-page account of the massacre that was sold by his daughter by private auction in 2008. Table of Contents Kung Wowas able to disembark personnel on Pompong Island and afterwards found their two companions Kualaand Tien Kuanganchored close inshore. The Highlanders, now down to 250 men, reformed with the addition of 210 Royal Marine survivors from the Prince of Walesand Repulse. [8][9] The basic plan for taking Singapore was worked out in July 1940. American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, Japanese order of battle during the Malayan campaign, "War for the Empire: Malaya and Singapore, Dec 1941 to Feb 1942", "Viewpoint: Cover-ups and the Singapore Traitor Affair", "Soldier's account of Japanese World War Two massacre to be auctioned", "Lieutenant General Henry Gordon Bennett, CB, CMG, DSO", "Your say in our defence Our defence must be total Chok Tong", "Public Warning System sirens to broadcast message on Sunday | The Straits Times", Bicycle Blitzkrieg The Japanese Conquest of Malaya and Singapore 19411942, The diary of one British POW, Frederick George Pye of the Royal Engineers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Singapore&oldid=1130998740, Since 1967, a memorial service is held at the. When the first Japanese came ashore on Singapore Island on 8 February the thinly spread Australians defending the northwestcoast failed to halt the attack and the Argylls were send to help stem the tide in the brief Battle of Singapore. 226 Group RAF, they flew from an airfield code-named P1, near Palembang, Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies, while a flight was maintained in Singapore. This would see landings in Malaya and Hong Kong as part of a general move south to secure Singapore, connected to Malaya by the JohorSingapore Causeway and then an invasion of the oil-rich area of Borneo and Java in the Dutch East Indies. Percival refused but tried to get authority from Wavell for greater discretion as to when resistance might cease. [70], Fierce fighting raged throughout the evening but due to the terrain and the darkness, the Japanese were able to disperse into the undergrowth, surround and overwhelm pockets of Australian resistance or bypass them exploiting gaps in the thinly spread Commonwealth lines due to the many rivers and creeks in the area. The survivors who reached Padang had suffered greatly. [39][f] Of this figure, 15,000 men were employed in supply, administrative, or other non-combatant roles. Singapore was the foremost British military base and economic port in SouthEast Asia and had been of great importance to British interwar defence strategy. Their greatest challenge was transiting the Sunda Strait, now controlled by the Japanese, but somehow hugging the coast they remained undetected. The Japanese were superior in close air support, armour, co-ordination, tactics and experience. Then it gets more murky because the initial escape from Singapore is made in two boats by the members of an anti-aircraft battery. Rosie's War reveals their hazardous escape to Bombay . Lionel Wigmore, the Australian official historian of the Malayan campaign, wrote, Only one of the Indian battalions was up to numerical strength, three (in the 44th Brigade) had recently arrived in a semi-trained condition, nine had been hastily reorganised with a large intake of raw recruits, and four were being re-formed but were far from being fit for action. The airfields at Tengah, Seletar and Sembawang were in range of Japanese artillery at Johor Bahru. While Dutch officials did what they could the local people, fearing reprisals by new masters, were not always helpful. Over the course of two hours, the three Australian battalions that had been engaged sought to regroup, moving back east from the coast towards the centre of the island, which was completed mainly in good order. Lord Langford, who has died aged 105, was one of Wales's most colourful characters; during the Second World War he was involved in a daring escape from Singapore after the Japanese took control of the island, an adventure described by Ian Skidmore in Escape From the Rising Sun in 1973. The escape from Singapore is perhaps best summarised by Lieutenant General Percival who wrote (Brooke 1989): I regret to have to report that the flotilla of small ships and other light craft which left Singapore on the night of 13-14 February encountered a Japanese naval force in the approaches to the Banka Straits. Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2001. on the Internet. Thousands of others were transported by sea to other parts of Asia, including Japan, to be used as forced labour on projects such as the SiamBurma Death Railway and Sandakan airfield in North Borneo. Brigadier Archie Paris with Major Angus Macdonald commandeered a private yacht Celia, skippered by Captain Mike Blackwood, and together with a number of other Highlanders made their way to Padang, only to join the ill-fated SS Rooseboom. [84] A squadron of Hurricane fighters took to the skies on 9 February but was then withdrawn to the Netherlands East Indies and after that no Commonwealth aircraft were seen again over Singapore; the Japanese had achieved air supremacy. Crowds now formed at the embarkation areas, some with passes and others without. This was intended to take place at 4 pm but delayed until just after 5 pm when the General Officer Commanding Malaya, Lieutenant General Arthur Percival, made the largest surrender in British military history, consigning the forces under his command to cease hostilities in an unconditional surrender to Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashitu, commanding the Japanese 25th Army. The men were forced into a series of small, badly ventilated rooms where they were held overnight without water. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. She sustained casualties, was soon on fire and had to be abandoned before she sank. Survival at sea after the fall of Singapore. [81] On the morning of 9 February, dogfights took place over Sarimbun Beach and other western areas. In January 1941 a large component of the Australian Armys recently raised 8th Division was posted to Malaya. Life on the Line tracks down Australian war veterans and records their stories. Can you add one? ML 310was waiting in the stream for Rear Admiral Spooner and Air Vice Marshal Conway Pulford to embark. We are sorry. My attack on Singapore was a bluffa bluff that worked. by Ian Skidmore online at Alibris. [134], Throughout the night of 14/15 February, the Japanese continued to press against the Commonwealth perimeter, and though the line largely held, the military supply situation was rapidly deteriorating. A Royal Navy assessment of these vessels was scathing, finding them in poor repair and mostly unseaworthy, and many were later burned. [17][18] Prior to the Battle of Singapore the most resistance was met at the Battle of Muar which involved the 8th Australian Division and the 45th Indian Brigade. [115] Elsewhere, the 22nd Brigade continued to hold a position west of the Holland Road until late in the evening when it was pulled back to Holland Village. The surviving garrison was marched into Japanese prison camps, some never to return. Controversially, the commander of Australian forces on the island, Major General Gordon Bennett, escaped the island with two staff officers on the night of the surrender. After four days at sea they were sighted by the Singapore Harbour Services Launch Tern which took the General and his two aides inshore. The resistance put up by the company from the 2/19th pushed the follow-on waves of Japanese craft to land around the mouth of Murai River, which resulted in them creating a gap between the 2/19th and 2/18th battalions. That is why the surrender had to be at once. His father and grandfather were interned. Singapore, 1942, is an exotic tropical city and the home of six-year-old Rosie Sharbanee. , Language Please try again. Please try your request again later. They were supported by seven obsolete aircraft, one elderly destroyer, two gunboats and eight motor torpedo boats (MTBs). In addition, there were two British machine-gun battalions, one Australian, and a British reconnaissance battalion. From there the Japanese launched two concerted attacks against the 2/18th, which were met with massed fire before they overwhelmed the Australians by weight of numbers. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for PARAGON (VHS, 1985) *ESCAPE FROM DEATH ROW* VCR FILM RE SEALED RENTAL MOVIE at the best online prices at eBay! [105][106] The fighting strength of the 22nd Brigadewhich had borne the brunt of the Japanese attackshad been reduced to a few hundred men and the Japanese had captured the Bukit Timah area, including the main food and fuel depots of the garrison. They carried 2 x 4-inch guns, 1 x 3.7-inch gun and 8machine guns, with a crew of 75 officers and men. Since then further interesting information has come to light. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. With a makeshift crew Li Wo cast off with 84 passengers and crew and made for the Banka Strait. A smaller version was the Harbour Defence Motor Launch (HDML). The number of Japanese killed and wounded is disputed. Early on 8 December 1941, Singapore was bombed for the first time by long-range Japanese aircraft, such as the Mitsubishi G3M2 "Nell" and the Mitsubishi G4M1 "Betty", based in Japanese-occupied Indochina. A British lieutenantacting as an envoy with a white flagapproached Japanese forces but was killed with a bayonet. [116], On 13 February, Japanese engineers repaired the road over the causeway and more tanks were pushed across. [90] The authority for this withdrawal would later be the subject of debate, with Bennett stating that he had not given Maxwell authorisation to do so. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Selarang Barracks was built between 1936 and 1938 to house an infantry battalion. Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters Ian Skidmore 4.00 3 ratings0 reviews Want to read Buy on Amazon Rate this book 198 pages, Unknown Binding First published January 1, 1974 Book details & editions Loading interface. 2 Michael Pethers mother (Kathleen) and her baby daughter were evacuated from Singapore on Christmas Eve 1941 and his grandmother escaped on 12 February 1942, all reaching the safety of home in New Zealand. HMS Panjiwas also sunk by enemy gunfire at Singapore. [111] The counter-attack was repulsed by the Imperial Guards and the 27th Australian Brigade was split in half on either side of the Bukit Timah Road with elements spread as far as the Pierce Reservoir.[112]. [142] Percival formally surrendered shortly after 17:15. Buy Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters by Skidmore, Ian (ISBN: 9780684136387) from Amazon's Book Store. The British destroyed the causeway, forcing the Japanese into an improvised crossing of the Johore Strait. on Amazon.com. Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. The documents were delivered to the German Embassy which provided copies to Japanese authorities. He felt it was a disgrace. [10] On 11 November 1940, the German raider Atlantis captured the British steamer Automedon in the Indian Ocean, carrying papers meant for Air Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, the British commander in the Far East. Singapore controlled the main shipping channel between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. He joined the AIF in WWII; post-war he became General Manager of the ABC and was knighted. He was indeed a hero. As Kedahs engines could not be repaired she was towed by Dragonand both safely reached Colombo. Life on the Line Podcasts Those ashore on Pompong, with some supplies, were estimated at about 200 women and children, 30 to 40 civilian men and 400 from the three services, which included many with severe injuries. The next day the cruiser HMS Danae arrived from Batavia and took onboard about 80 officers and 500 men. Her captain is unknown and she sailed with 4 crew and 25 passengers. [153][136] Yamashita, the Japanese commander, laid the blame on the British "underestimating Japanese military capabilities" and Percival's hesitancy in reinforcing the Australians on the western side of the island. In the latter half of 1941, the Japanese began preparing to go to war to seize vital resources if peaceful efforts to buy them failed. This brave man had refused to kneel in order to be beheaded. Dalforce, formally the Singapore Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, was formed in Singapore in early 1942 by Colonel John Dalley. To prevent the remaining ships falling into enemy hands the senior naval officer, Rear Admiral Ernest Spooner, decreed that these must sail by 13 February. . The remaining nineteen men including the Executive Officer of ML 310, SBLT Malcolm Henderson RANVR, the Admiral and the Air Marshal died of disease when on the island. The Japanese had broken the British Army's codes and in January 1941, the Second Department (the intelligence-gathering arm) of the Imperial Army interpreted and read a message from Singapore to London complaining in much detail about the weak state of "Fortress Singapore", a message so frank in its admission of weakness that the Japanese at first suspected it was a British plant, believing that no officer would be so open in admitting weaknesses to his superiors. To compound matters, Percival had ordered the Australians to defend forward so as to cover the waterway, yet this meant they were immediately fully committed to any fighting, limiting their flexibility, whilst also reducing their defensive depth. On 11 November 1940 the German raider Atlantisencountered the Blue Funnel liner Automedon. Major Geoffrey Rowly-Conwy of the Royal Artillery refuses to obey an order to surrender to the Japanese as they close in on Singapore. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. He survived this ordeal and when the opportunity came he and a number of his shipmates escaped in the river steamer Kung Wo. Prior to the battle, Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita had advanced with about 30,000 men down the Malayan Peninsula in the Malayan campaign. [35][36], During the weeks preceding the invasion, Commonwealth forces suffered a number of both subdued and openly disruptive disagreements amongst its senior commanders,[37] as well as pressure from Australian Prime Minister John Curtin. When the first bombs fell on Singapore the evacuation began in earnest with torrents of people desperately seeking passage in the next available ship. Showing one featured edition. This was the greatest known defeat of British forces in the distant Far East. There was a problem loading your book clubs. In recognition of their importance these documents were entrusted to the prize crew of a recently captured Norwegian tanker, Ole Jacob, and immediately sent to Japan. With the prevailing primitive instincts of escape and survival there were few heroes, with the exceptions of LEUT Thomas Wilkinson VC of HMS Li Wofor fearlessly engaging the enemy, and the courageous Captain Bill Reynolds4with his ironically named Kofoku Maru.
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